منابع مشابه
Grounding in the image of causation
Koko is merely non-fundamental. She is a gorilla, and like all biological organisms, she is presumably dependent on the physical. Perhaps the fundamental entities are spacetime with certain physical fields. However exactly that story goes, it seems clear that if and when final physics is done, Koko the gorilla won’t be part of that story. Rather she must somehow be understood as grounded in spa...
متن کاملGrounding is not Shared Understanding: Distinguishing Grounding at an Utterance and Knowledge Level
This paper argues that for the study and facilitation of collaborative learning, existing theories of grounding such as that of Clark and Shaefer [5] cannot be applied without adjustments. When comparing collaborative learning and conversation, four dimensions can be identified where grounding at a knowledge level differs from the grounding at an utterance level. Firstly, the indirect access an...
متن کاملGrounding is not Shared Understanding: distinguishing grounding at utterance and knowledge levels
This paper argues that for the study and facilitation of collaborative learning, existing theories of grounding such as that of Clark & Brennan [5] cannot be applied without adjustments. When comparing collaborative learning and conversation, four dimensions can be identified where grounding at a knowledge level differs from the grounding at an utterance level. Firstly, the indirect access and ...
متن کاملTermination of Grounding Is Not Preserved by Strongly Equivalent Transformations
The operation of a typical answer set solver begins with grounding—replacing the given program with a program without variables that has the same answer sets. When the given program contains function symbols, the process of grounding may not terminate. In this note we give an example of a pair of consistent, strongly equivalent programs such that one of them can be grounded by lparse, dlv, and ...
متن کاملIs Causation Probabilistic?
One view of causation is deterministic: A causes B means that on any occasion in which A occurs, B occurs. An alternative view is that causation is probabilistic: it means that given A, the probability of B is greater than some criterion, such as the probability of B given not A. Evidence about the induction of causal relations cannot decide between these two accounts, and so we examined how pe...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Philosophical Perspectives
سال: 2016
ISSN: 1520-8583
DOI: 10.1111/phpe.12074